How can the effect of resistance be described mathematically?

The correct mathematical description of the effect of resistance in an electrical circuit is summed up by the equation V = IR. This is known as Ohm's Law, where V represents voltage, I represents current, and R represents resistance. This law illustrates that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, with the resistance being the constant of proportionality.

In this equation, if the resistance increases while keeping the current constant, the voltage must also increase to maintain the relationship as dictated by the law. Thus, understanding this relationship is crucial when analyzing electrical circuits, as it allows for the calculation of any one variable when the other two are known, enabling engineers and technicians to design and troubleshoot electrical systems effectively.

The other options provided do not accurately reflect the relationship defined in Ohm's law. Some suggest incorrect operations or relationships between voltage, current, and resistance, which do not correspond with the principles of electrical engineering. Therefore, the choice reflecting V = IR is the only option that correctly describes how resistance affects voltage and current in an electrical system.