What does a closed-loop system include?

A closed-loop system is defined by its use of feedback to regulate its operation. This means that it continuously monitors its output and compares it to a desired set point. When discrepancies arise between the actual output and the desired output, the system adjusts its inputs or processes to correct the deviation. This feedback mechanism is crucial for maintaining control over the system and ensuring that it operates within specified parameters.

In contrast, an independent system does not consider external inputs, which is characteristic of an open-loop system where there is no feedback involved. Similarly, systems that lack feedback cannot adjust and respond to changes or disturbances effectively, and a system that utilizes only one output does not convey the feedback characteristic, as closed-loop systems can have multiple outputs depending on their complexity and design. The inclusion of feedback is what fundamentally distinguishes a closed-loop system from other types of control systems.