What does the systems model encompass?

The systems model is fundamentally structured around the concepts of input, process, output, and feedback. Input refers to the resources, data, or information that is fed into a system for processing. The process encompasses the methods or actions applied to transform the input into a desirable output. The output is the end result that emerges from the processing of the input. Feedback is an essential part of the system as it involves evaluating the output to inform any necessary adjustments or improvements in the process. This feedback loop allows systems to be dynamic and adaptable, ensuring that they can respond to changes and continuously enhance performance.

Other options mention components that may play a role in different frameworks or methodologies but do not fully capture the essence of a systems model as effectively as input, process, output, and feedback do. For example, while testing and iteration are important in software development, and requirements and execution are crucial in project management, they are not comprehensive enough to define the systems model itself.