What is the role of a surge protector in electrical safety?

A surge protector plays a critical role in ensuring electrical safety by diverting excess electrical energy to the ground during a voltage spike or surge, which can occur due to lightning strikes, power outages, or fluctuations in the electrical grid. This action helps protect connected devices from damage that can result from these sudden increases in voltage. By channeling the excess energy away from sensitive electronics, surge protectors minimize the risk of equipment failure, overheating, or even fire, thereby enhancing overall safety and reliability in electrical systems.

The other options, while related to electrical concepts, do not accurately represent the specific function of a surge protector. Increasing circuit resistance would not address the issue of voltage spikes. Regulating power output is typically a function of devices like voltage regulators or transformers. Storing electrical energy is the function of capacitors and batteries, not surge protectors. Hence, focusing on the role of directing excess energy to the ground clarifies the surge protector's importance in maintaining electrical safety.