What term refers to smaller systems integrated into a larger system?

The term that refers to smaller systems integrated into a larger system is called a subsystem. A subsystem functions as a distinct entity within the larger system while still being dependent on or contributing to the overall operation of that system. For example, in an automotive engineering context, the braking system can be considered a subsystem of the entire vehicle.

Understanding the role of subsystems is essential in systems engineering as they allow for complex systems to be organized and managed more effectively. Each subsystem can be developed, modified, and optimized independently, which facilitates better collaboration and productivity among design teams.

The other terms, while related to systems or structures, do not specifically capture this concept. A component generally refers to individual parts of a system, a network involves connections and relationships among components rather than their hierarchical structure, and a framework often describes a structural layout or support system but does not imply a relationship of smaller integrated parts like a subsystem does.