Which is a method to minimize heat flow through sealed windows?

The use of vacuum insulation is an effective method for minimizing heat flow through sealed windows because it relies on the principle of reducing heat transfer by eliminating air between the two panes of glass. In a vacuum, there are very few molecules to conduct heat, which significantly reduces heat transfer via conduction and convection.

Vacuum insulation works by creating a space devoid of air between the glass panes, which prevents heat from escaping in the winter and entering during the summer. This is especially beneficial for maintaining a comfortable indoor environment and improving energy efficiency in buildings.

In comparison, while the other options may have some insulating effects, they do not provide the same level of effectiveness as vacuum insulation. Blinders can help reduce solar gain and glare but do not insulate. Double glazing provides better insulation than single-pane windows but is not as effective as vacuum insulation in minimizing heat flow. Thermal mass can help in regulating temperatures but does not directly prevent heat flow through the windows themselves.