Which of the following does NOT typically contribute to the creation of a valid system?

The choice of assumptions as not typically contributing to the creation of a valid system is accurate because, while assumptions may be necessary in the initial phases of design or model development, they do not provide the concrete foundation needed for validity. Valid systems rely on evidence, rigorous testing, and real-world correlation to ensure that they function correctly and produce reliable outcomes.

Evidence is crucial since it provides data and information that support the claims about how a system should work. Testing validates the system by ensuring it performs as intended under various conditions, helping to identify errors or weaknesses. Real-world correlation ensures that the outcomes of the system align with observable and measurable phenomena in reality, reinforcing the system's validity. In contrast, assumptions often lack empirical support and, while they can be useful for guiding the initial stages of development, they do not inherently contribute to the overall validity of a system.